The PHA methods are techniques which adopt brainstorming approach for identification of process and non-process hazards. The commonly used PHA tools are briefed below. The services offered by ECE for PHA typically includes workshop facilitation, scribing and report preparation.
HAZID (Hazard Identification Study)
HAZID is a systematic assessment to identify hazards and the events associated with plant, system, operation, design and maintenance, which may lead to risk to either people, environment, assets or company’s reputation. It is the very first step for risk management. It is used to determine the adverse effects of exposure to hazards and plan necessary actions to mitigate such risks. The HAZID study is also known as ‘facility siting’ study as it mainly used for identify- ing the hazards associated with spatial location of particular process and non-process components and its interaction with surrounding based on list of guide-words. These guide-words are selected so as to ensure identification of all possible process hazards including natural calamities.
HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) Study
HAZOP is a structured and systematic examination of a planned design intent in order to identify and evaluate deviations that may represent risks to personnel or equipment, or prevent efficient operation. HAZOP is carried out by a suitably experienced multi-disciplinary team led by a HAZOP Chairman. Unlike HAZID, HAZOP focuses on identifying process hazards owing to deviations in process parameters and operability issues. These deviations and issues are identified in structured brainstorming sessions with the help of list of relevant guide-words. HAZOP study shall be carried out at different stages of engineering and operations to ensure that operator knows the process hazards associated with installation.
What-If Analysis
What-If Analysis is a structured brainstorming method of determining what things can go wrong and the effects of those situations occurring. The answers to these questions form the basis for making judgments regarding the acceptability of the risks arising and determining a recommended course of action for those risks judged to be unacceptable. The What-If Analysis Concept encourages an analysis team to think of questions that begin with “What If.” Through this questioning process, an experienced group of individuals identify possible accident scenarios, their consequences, existing safeguards, and then suggest alternatives for risk reduction. The potential accidents identified are neither ranked nor given quantitative implications.