Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis (FERA)
FERA involves quantification of the probability of fire and explosion accidental events and their respective consequences; in order to quantify the Risk arising from these possible accidental events. Based on the risk contributors, specific recommendations are then suggested.
Blast Overpressure and Explosion Risk Modelling
Blast overpressure is the pressure caused by a shock wave generated over and above normal atmospheric pressure which can significantly increase potential risk due to potential escalation risk to adjoining areas facilities, people, assets and equipment. ECE uses a range of blast models such as TNO Multi Energy and Baker Strehlow models, to quantify the consequences and resultant risk of blast overpressures. These models help in identifying peak overpressure and impulse durations to identify adequate measures such as properly rated blast wall.
Dispersion Modelling
Exhaust and cold venting of gas poses a danger to both personnel and equipment if the gas spreads to the location of sensitive receptors such as personnel, air intake points, etc. Using dispersion modelling, one can get a clear picture of how the gas cloud spreads under various wind conditions at the venting height. Dispersion studies therefore are undertaken to assess these impacts and suggest suitable recommendations to minimise such impacts.
Evacuation, Escape and Rescue Analysis (EERA)
Part of the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA), EERA is a technique to evaluate the performance of the emergency response facilities and procedures. It is most effectively undertaken in conjunction with a QRA, and consists of a structured review of the performance of the escape, evacuation and rescue facilities and procedures in representative scenarios. It is carried out using PFEER guidelines and other company specific guidelines usually involving EER Goal Analysis and evacuation time calculation.
Emergency Systems Survivability Assessment (ESSA)
ESSA is a technique to assess the survivability of various emergency systems such that they have enough time to complete their designated functions in case of any Major Accident Event. It involves assessment of vulnerability to potential fire and explosion events and redundancy of an identified emergency system. Based on the assessment, risk reduction measures are recommended to increase the survivability of emergency systems, which are vulnerable to Major Accident Events, and are neither fail-safe nor have redundancy.
Temporary Refuge Impairment Analysis (TRIA)
TRIA is a technique used for determination of the survivability of the TR in terms of its ability to protect the occupants for a specific time period in such a way, that they will remain unimpaired until such a time that they determine a need to evacuate the installation or recover following a hazardous event.
The risk assessment and consequence modelling is best used to define the necessary time for which TR would be required in the relevant accident scenarios and the levels of explosion overpressure, thermal radiation, smoke, toxic gas etc. to which it would be exposed. It helps in identification of the key protective systems required for the Temporary Refuge.
Gas & Smoke Dispersion Analysis (GSDA)
GSDA identifies and simulates the accidental release events, which through dispersion and/or subsequent fire, have the potential to impair the accommodation, muster stations, temporary refuges, escape routes and evacuation facilities by way of smoke or gas transport, ingress & accumulation. Based on the assessment enables the company to include recommendations to endure or respond to the threats such as building design, entry door sealing, HVAC intake and exhaust isolation, HVAC design etc.